Which ancient civilization first used branded clay seals as a form of product authentication and merchant identification in long-distance trade routes around 3000 BCE?

The ancient world wasn't just about monuments and warfare - it was home to sophisticated commercial systems that laid the groundwork for modern retail. Ancient merchants developed remarkable brand identities to distinguish their goods in bustling marketplaces from Rome to Carthage, China to Mesopotamia. This poll explores how ancient civilizations pioneered retail branding techniques that still influence commerce today. Test your knowledge about these early commercial innovators!

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Mesopotamia (specifically the Sumerians)
Ancient Egypt under the Early Dynastic Period
The Harappan Civilization of the Indus Valley
The Minoan civilization of Crete