Which pioneering campaign personalization algorithm fundamentally changed how political campaigns target voters?

Political campaigns have undergone significant digital transformation in recent decades, leveraging sophisticated data analytics and personalization algorithms similar to those used in retail. These technologies help candidates deliver targeted messages to specific voter segments based on vast amounts of collected data. How well do you understand the evolution of personalization technology in political campaigns?

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Project Narwhal (Obama 2012) - The first integrated database that enabled micro-targeting across platforms
Cambridge Analytics Model (Trump 2016) - The first AI-driven psychographic targeting system
Howard Dean's MeetUp Algorithm (2004) - The first social media engagement optimizer
Clinton's Constituent Relationship Management System (1996) - The first digital voter database