What innovative product development approach did Thomas Edison use that helped make his light bulb commercially successful compared to earlier attempts?

Thomas Edison's incandescent light bulb is often celebrated as a brilliant invention, but the real innovation was in his product development approach. Edison didn't just invent a working bulb—he created an entire system that made electric lighting practical and commercially viable. Behind this world-changing product was a methodical process of testing over 6,000 plant materials before finding the ideal filament material. This poll explores a lesser-known aspect of Edison's product development strategy that made electric lighting a household reality.

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He focused on developing a complete electrical system (generators, wiring, meters) alongside the bulb itself
He secured exclusive patent rights to all forms of electric lighting technology
He used government subsidies to make bulbs affordable for average consumers
He invented a new type of glass that was significantly cheaper to manufacture