Which presidential campaign first used advanced data analytics and microtargeting to personalize political messaging to individual voters at scale?

Political campaigns are sophisticated marketing operations with carefully crafted brands and messaging. Presidential campaigns, in particular, invest heavily in developing memorable slogans, logos, and advertising strategies that resonate with voters. This trivia question tests your knowledge about a famous presidential campaign that revolutionized political advertising and brand development.

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Barack Obama's 2012 re-election campaign
George W. Bush's 2004 re-election campaign
Hillary Clinton's 2016 presidential campaign
Donald Trump's 2016 presidential campaign