In retail economics, why did 'Black Friday' originally get its name?

Black Friday has become a global shopping phenomenon, marking the unofficial start of the holiday shopping season. But how well do you understand the economic forces and historical context behind this retail juggernaut? This trivia question explores the fascinating origin of the term 'Black Friday' in the retail context, revealing how a phrase once associated with financial disaster was transformed into a symbol of retail prosperity and consumer enthusiasm.

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Because retailers' accounting books went from 'red' (loss) to 'black' (profit) on this day
Because of the dark crowds that formed outside stores in the early morning hours
Because it was originally held during winter blackouts to stimulate the economy
Because it was the day Wall Street experienced a market crash in 1869