Which ancient civilization built the world's first known shopping mall, featuring over 100 standardized shops in a two-story covered complex with marble floors?

Before modern retail, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated commercial systems. From Mesopotamian bazaars to Roman shopping complexes, these early retail innovations laid foundations for commerce that still influence business today. This trivia question explores how ancient civilizations approached retail design and customer experience in ways that might surprise modern product managers and retail specialists.

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Roman Empire (Trajan's Market, 2nd century CE)
Han Dynasty China (Chang'an Commercial District, 1st century BCE)
Ptolemaic Egypt (Alexandria Emporium, 3rd century BCE)
Persian Empire (Royal Bazaar of Persepolis, 5th century BCE)