Which presidential campaign was the first to extensively use a sophisticated voter database called 'Project Narwhal' that revolutionized political microtargeting?

The landscape of political campaigning has transformed dramatically with technology. From traditional whistle-stop tours to sophisticated data-driven operations, campaigns have evolved to connect with voters in increasingly personalized ways. This trivia question explores a pivotal moment in campaign history that fundamentally changed how political operations leverage customer insights and personalization strategies to reach voters.

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Barack Obama's 2012 re-election campaign
Mitt Romney's 2012 campaign (which used a system called 'ORCA')
Hillary Clinton's 2016 campaign (which used a system called 'Ada')
Donald Trump's 2016 campaign (which used Cambridge Analytica)