Which ancient civilization first used sealed clay tags (bullae) as 'brand labels' to identify product origins and guarantee quality for consumers?

Before modern retail, ancient civilizations had sophisticated marketplaces with their own forms of branding and consumer trends. The Agora in Athens, Roman forums, Egyptian bazaars, and Mesopotamian markets all featured merchants who developed distinctive identities for their goods. Some ancient brands were so successful that their reputation spread across continents via trade routes. Test your knowledge about one of history's most successful ancient brand positioning strategies!

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Mesopotamia (circa 3500 BCE)
Ancient Egypt (circa 3000 BCE)
Indus Valley (circa 2600 BCE)
Ancient China (circa 2000 BCE)