Which subscription-based retail model pioneered the 'adopt-an-animal' monthly program that has since been replicated by wildlife conservation organizations worldwide?

Modern retail strategies are transforming wildlife conservation efforts worldwide. From innovative subscription models to clever branding tactics, retailers are finding creative ways to support animal conservation while building customer loyalty. This poll tests your knowledge about the intersection of retail strategies and wildlife conservation organizations. How much do you know about how these organizations are using modern retail approaches to fund their important work?

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World Wildlife Fund's 'Wildlife Guardian' program (1995)
National Geographic's 'Planet Protector' subscription (2001)
Smithsonian Zoo's 'Animal Alliance' monthly club (1998)
Conservation International's 'Earth Defender' recurring donation plan (2003)