Which retailer pioneered the use of 'Retail Gravity Models' with AI to determine optimal store locations based on complex geographic and demographic variables?

In today's retail landscape, companies are leveraging geographic data and AI to optimize store locations and better serve customers. This question explores how a major retailer has pioneered an innovative approach to store placement using advanced geospatial analytics and artificial intelligence. Test your knowledge about the intersection of retail strategy, geography, and technology!

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Target - with their 'GeoScope' system that analyzes 200+ variables including population density, income levels, and regional shopping preferences
Walmart - with their 'Atlas' AI platform that combines satellite imagery, transportation networks, and regional purchasing patterns
Starbucks - with their 'GeoVision' technology that maps coffee consumption patterns and competitor locations across geographic regions
Amazon - with their 'Terra' system that optimizes physical store locations based on existing Prime member geographic distribution