Which mathematical innovation is credited with saving retailers billions in inventory costs by optimizing the supply chain through demand forecasting?

The retail industry has been transformed by mathematical algorithms that optimize inventory management and reduce waste. Behind these innovations are complex formulas that balance customer demand with supply chain efficiency. This poll tests your knowledge about a groundbreaking mathematical approach that revolutionized how retailers manage their supply chains and predict inventory needs. Do you know which mathematical technique sparked a revolution in retail inventory management?

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Monte Carlo simulations for inventory prediction
Bayesian inference models for consumer behavior
Machine learning-based collaborative filtering
Time series forecasting with exponential smoothing