Which transportation subscription model was first launched at scale in the United States, pioneering the 'transportation-as-a-service' concept?

The transportation industry has been transformed by subscription models in recent years. From car subscriptions to mobility-as-a-service platforms, consumers now have alternatives to traditional vehicle ownership. This shift reflects changing attitudes toward transportation assets and a preference for flexibility. Test your knowledge about this growing trend that's reshaping how people move around cities and beyond.

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Zipcar's pay-per-use membership (2000)
Bird's scooter subscription service (2017)
Care by Volvo vehicle subscription (2017)
Uber's ride pass subscription (2018)