Which ancient civilization pioneered an early form of retail analytics by using clay tokens inside hollow clay balls (bullae) to track merchandise inventory and sales transactions?

The ancient world had more sophisticated retail systems than many realize. From the marketplaces of Mesopotamia to Roman trade networks, ancient civilizations developed remarkable methods to track inventory, understand consumer preferences, and optimize their commercial operations. This poll explores how ancient merchants used early forms of data analytics to enhance their retail operations - proving that the fundamentals of retail analytics have ancient roots!

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Mesopotamians in Sumer (c. 4000 BCE)
Ancient Egyptians under Ramses II (c. 1279 BCE)
Han Dynasty Chinese merchants (c. 200 BCE)
Minoan palace administrators in Crete (c. 1700 BCE)