Which ancient civilization created the first known branded products with manufacturer's marks that functioned similar to modern trademarks?

Before modern corporations and digital marketing, ancient civilizations had their own version of 'brands' and 'CEOs' who revolutionized commerce. The earliest merchants used distinctive symbols, quality guarantees, and trading networks that mirror today's brand loyalty strategies. Test your knowledge about these ancient commercial pioneers who laid the groundwork for modern retail practices!

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Mesopotamia (with cylinder seals used to mark ownership of goods)
Ancient Rome (with 'ex officina' stamps on pottery and bricks)
Ancient Greece (with potter signatures and distinctive amphora designs)
Ancient Egypt (with cartouches indicating royal production)