Which mathematical algorithm was foundational to Netflix's original recommendation system that influenced modern retail recommendation engines?

In today's data-driven retail landscape, recommendation systems power personalized shopping experiences across platforms. Behind these systems are sophisticated mathematical algorithms that analyze customer behavior, purchase history, and preferences to suggest products. This poll tests your knowledge about the mathematical foundations that drive modern retail recommendation systems, which have transformed how consumers discover products and how retailers boost sales.

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Matrix Factorization through Singular Value Decomposition (SVD)
K-Means Clustering Analysis
Naive Bayes Classification
Random Forest Decision Trees