Which revolutionary marketing strategy, introduced in the 1970s, is credited with transforming the retail success of graphing calculators in mathematics education?

The mathematics industry has seen significant transformations in how educational products are marketed and distributed over the decades. From traditional textbooks to sophisticated digital learning platforms, companies have employed various strategies to capture market share. This poll tests your knowledge about a fascinating retail history fact related to mathematics education products and how a particular innovation changed the landscape forever.

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The "teacher adoption" model where Texas Instruments offered free calculators to mathematics educators who would then recommend them to students
The "mathematical competition" sponsorship where HP funded math competitions requiring their specific calculators
The "textbook bundling" approach where Casio partnered with publishers to include their calculators with required course materials
The "university licensing" program where Sharp created exclusive calculator designs for prestigious university mathematics departments