Which machine learning technique was NOT traditionally used in the early development of retail recommendation systems like those pioneered by Amazon in the late 1990s?

Recommendation algorithms have revolutionized how we shop online, with scientific approaches driving personalized experiences. These systems analyze vast amounts of data to predict consumer preferences, but their underlying technologies vary significantly. Test your knowledge about the scientific methods powering these influential retail tools that shape our purchasing decisions daily.

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Collaborative filtering
Deep reinforcement learning
Content-based filtering
Association rule mining