Which sustainability initiative has been widely adopted by major observatories to reduce their environmental impact while maintaining optimal viewing conditions?

Space exploration and astronomy involve significant resource use, from telescope manufacturing to satellite launches. As sustainability becomes increasingly important across all industries, astronomical organizations are implementing various green initiatives. This poll tests your knowledge of how the astronomy sector is addressing environmental challenges while continuing to explore the cosmos. Challenge yourself to see if you can identify which major sustainability initiative has been adopted by leading observatories and space agencies.

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Solar-powered telescope arrays with energy storage systems that operate entirely off-grid during nighttime observations
Biodegradable satellite components designed to completely decompose upon re-entry, eliminating space debris
Hydrogen fuel cell technology that powers all observatory climate control systems using locally harvested rainwater
Carbon-capturing concrete domes that actively remove CO2 from the atmosphere while housing telescopes