Which ancient civilization pioneered the use of 'merchant seals' as a form of product branding that guaranteed authenticity and allowed customers to recognize goods from specific workshops?

Before modern logos and slogans, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated branding techniques to distinguish their goods in bustling marketplaces. From distinctive pottery marks in Greece to standardized seals in Mesopotamia, these early branding strategies helped establish merchant reputations and consumer trust. This trivia challenge explores how ancient sellers promoted their products and built commercial identities that sometimes lasted for generations.

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Mesopotamia (specifically Sumerian merchants around 3000 BCE)
Ancient Egypt (during the New Kingdom period)
Classical Greece (in the Athenian markets)
Indus Valley Civilization (on their standardized weights and measures)