Which product innovation first allowed astronomers to observe the universe in wavelengths beyond the visible light spectrum, revolutionizing our understanding of cosmic phenomena?

Throughout history, astronomical instruments have undergone remarkable evolution, transforming how we observe and understand the cosmos. From simple telescopes to advanced space observatories, product innovation in astronomy has opened new windows to the universe. This poll tests your knowledge about a significant product innovation milestone that changed the field of astronomy forever. Can you identify which revolutionary astronomical instrument marked a turning point in our ability to see beyond Earth's atmosphere?

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The Hubble Space Telescope, launched in 1990
Radio telescopes, developed in the 1930s by Karl Jansky
The Galilean telescope, invented in 1609
The Chandra X-ray Observatory, launched in 1999