Which product design innovation first allowed for safe, portable defibrillation outside of hospital settings, revolutionizing emergency cardiac care?

Product design in medicine has evolved dramatically over the decades, with certain innovations completely transforming patient care and clinical outcomes. Some medical devices represented such significant breakthroughs in design thinking that they revolutionized entire treatment approaches. This poll tests your knowledge of a pivotal moment in medical product design history that changed how healthcare professionals deliver critical care.

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The Automated External Defibrillator (AED) with voice guidance and simplified interface
The implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) with remote monitoring capabilities
The biphasic waveform technology that reduced defibrillator size and power requirements
The wearable cardioverter defibrillator (WCD) with continuous monitoring