Which retail innovation from the 1980s first enabled mass collection of individual customer purchase data, revolutionizing retail analytics?

The retail industry has been transformed by data analytics, enabling businesses to understand customer behavior in unprecedented ways. But when did retailers first start systematically collecting and analyzing customer purchase data at scale? Test your knowledge of this pivotal moment in retail business intelligence that forever changed how companies understand their customers and make strategic decisions.

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Electronic barcode scanners at checkout
Store loyalty card programs
Electronic cash registers with sales reporting
RFID inventory tracking systems