In retail history, what was the original meaning of the term 'Black Friday' before it became associated with post-Thanksgiving shopping?

The history of retail has been shaped by iconic shopping festivals that transformed consumer behavior and business strategies. One of the most significant retail phenomena emerged in the mid-20th century and has since become a global shopping event. Test your knowledge about the historical origins of this major retail milestone that revolutionized seasonal shopping patterns and created a template for promotional events worldwide.

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A stock market crash in 1929 that occurred on a Friday
A term used by Philadelphia police in the 1950s to describe the chaotic traffic and crowds the day after Thanksgiving
The day retailers historically moved from operating at a loss ('in the red') to profitability ('in the black')
A marketing campaign created by department stores in the 1970s to boost post-Thanksgiving sales