Which ancient civilization pioneered the use of labeled clay seals as 'brand identifiers' on product packaging to guarantee authenticity and prevent counterfeiting of traded goods?

Before modern supermarkets and online shopping, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated methods of packaging and presenting products for trade and sale. From ceramic vessels to specialized containers, these early retail innovations shaped commerce for millennia. This poll explores how ancient merchants protected and branded their goods in the earliest marketplaces of human civilization. Test your knowledge about the fascinating origins of product packaging in antiquity!

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Ancient Egypt (using hieroglyphic cartouches)
Mesopotamia (primarily Babylonians and Assyrians)
Ancient Greece (with city-state emblems)
Indus Valley Civilization (with merchant guild stamps)