Which pricing innovation, first introduced in the 1990s, dramatically increased access to DNA sequencing technology in research labs?

In today's competitive scientific marketplace, laboratory equipment pricing strategies have evolved dramatically. From academic discounting to subscription-based models for cutting-edge instruments, pricing innovation has shaped research accessibility worldwide. This trivia question explores a groundbreaking pricing approach that revolutionized how scientists access critical research tools. Test your knowledge of the business side of scientific advancement!

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Reagent rental agreements, where equipment was provided at minimal cost with long-term reagent purchase commitments
Academic consortium bulk purchasing, where universities pooled resources to negotiate volume discounts
Equipment time-sharing programs, where labs purchased hourly access rather than full instruments
Government-subsidized pricing, where manufacturers received tax benefits for discounting to public institutions