Which linguistic technology was FIRST widely adopted by retail chatbots to significantly improve their understanding of customer intent beyond simple keyword matching?

In today's retail environment, AI-powered chatbots have revolutionized customer service by incorporating sophisticated linguistic technologies. These virtual assistants must understand natural language, recognize intent, and respond appropriately across multiple languages and dialects. This poll tests your knowledge about the intersection of linguistics and retail chatbot technology that's reshaping how customers interact with brands online.

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Named Entity Recognition (NER)
Natural Language Understanding (NLU)
Sentiment Analysis
Neural Machine Translation