Which machine learning application is widely credited as the first major breakthrough that transformed retail in the early 2000s?

Machine learning has revolutionized retail in countless ways, from personalized recommendations to inventory optimization. But do you know which groundbreaking ML application first transformed the retail landscape and set the stage for today's AI-driven shopping experiences? Test your knowledge about the history of machine learning in retail and discover how data science has reshaped consumer experiences and business strategies in the modern marketplace.

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Amazon's item-to-item collaborative filtering recommendation engine (2003)
Walmart's weather-based demand forecasting system (2007)
Target's pregnancy prediction analytics (2010)
Netflix's content recommendation prize competition (2006)