Which gaming retail innovation first introduced the 'Early Access' model that allows players to purchase and play games still in development?

Test your knowledge about groundbreaking retail innovations in the gaming industry! The way games are sold and distributed has undergone massive transformation in recent years. From physical cartridges to digital marketplaces, from simple transactions to complex microtransaction ecosystems - the business of selling games has evolved dramatically. This trivia question focuses on a pivotal retail innovation that changed how players discover, purchase, and experience games. Are you a casual gamer or a true industry insider?

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Steam's Early Access program (2013)
Xbox Game Preview (2015)
PlayStation's Beta Access Initiative (2016)
Nintendo's Developer's Program (2014)