Which mathematical optimization technique is most commonly used in retail supply chains for solving the 'last mile delivery problem' to minimize both cost and delivery time?

In today's data-driven retail environment, mathematics plays a crucial role in optimizing supply chain management. From inventory forecasting to logistics optimization, mathematical models help retailers make smarter decisions. This trivia question tests your knowledge about how specific mathematical concepts are applied in modern retail supply chain management to solve complex distribution problems.

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Linear Programming
Vehicle Routing Problem algorithms (such as Clarke-Wright savings algorithm)
Monte Carlo Simulation
Markov Chain Analysis