Which retail invention, patented in 1952 by Norman Joseph Woodland and Bernard Silver, revolutionized inventory tracking and is considered the foundation of modern retail data analytics?

The world of retail has been transformed by technological innovations over the decades. From simple mechanical devices to sophisticated AI systems, these inventions have revolutionized how we shop and how retailers operate. This trivia question focuses on a groundbreaking retail technology that changed the industry forever and opened the door to modern retail data analytics.

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Barcode (Universal Product Code)
Electronic Cash Register (ECR)
RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) Tags
Electronic Article Surveillance (EAS) System