Which ancient civilization pioneered the use of merchant seals as an early form of product branding and quality assurance in their marketplaces?

Before modern marketing departments and digital advertising, ancient civilizations had their own sophisticated methods of product branding and retail experiences. Merchants in ancient marketplaces used distinctive symbols, quality guarantees, and unique packaging to stand out from competitors. This poll explores how ancient civilizations approached product differentiation and consumer trust in their commercial activities.

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Mesopotamia (specifically ancient Sumer)
Ancient Egypt
Han Dynasty China
Classical Greece