Which ancient civilization is credited with creating the first standardized 'brand marks' on retail goods, using distinctive symbols that helped consumers identify authentic products from specific workshops?

Before modern marketing strategies, ancient civilizations had their own methods of brand recognition and product differentiation. From maker's marks on pottery to distinctive symbols on merchant stalls, ancient societies developed sophisticated ways to build consumer trust and loyalty. This poll explores how ancient civilizations implemented early concepts of branding that still influence modern marketing practices today.

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Ancient Egyptians, who marked their pottery and textiles with hieroglyphic seals indicating royal or temple workshop origin
Ancient Romans, who developed 'sigillum' stamps for goods like olive oil amphorae, garum sauce containers, and brick manufacturing
Ancient Chinese merchants of the Han Dynasty, who used carved seals on silk and pottery to indicate regional origin
Mesopotamian traders, who impressed cylinder seals on clay containers to authenticate products from specific city-states