Which retail payment innovation first introduced the EMV chip technology that significantly reduced in-person credit card fraud?

The retail payment landscape has transformed dramatically over the past decade. From traditional cash transactions to mobile wallets and contactless payments, retailers have had to adapt to changing consumer preferences and technological innovations. This trivia question explores a significant milestone in retail payment technology that changed how consumers interact with merchants worldwide.

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Europay-Mastercard-Visa chip cards (introduced in the 1990s)
Square's mobile payment processor (introduced in 2009)
Apple Pay's NFC technology (introduced in 2014)
Amazon Go's Just Walk Out technology (introduced in 2018)