Which now-common retail innovation was first widely implemented by the US military during WWII to efficiently distribute supplies and later adopted by civilian retailers?

During World War II, military necessity drove significant innovations in retail and product distribution that continue to influence modern commerce. From rationing systems to military surplus stores, the war years transformed how products reached consumers. This poll tests your knowledge about a fascinating retail development from this turbulent period that had lasting implications for the civilian market after the war ended.

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Self-service shopping (customers selecting their own items without clerk assistance)
Standardized packaging with barcodes for inventory tracking
Palletized shipping and forklift-compatible warehouse design
Membership-based warehouse stores with bulk purchasing options