Which ancient civilization first implemented a comprehensive system of 'brand seals' on retail goods to guarantee quality and prevent counterfeiting?

Long before modern marketing strategies, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated methods of brand management and product recognition. From maker's marks on Mesopotamian pottery to distinct emblems on Roman goods, early merchants understood the power of visual identity. This poll explores how ancient civilizations pioneered retail brand management techniques that still influence modern commerce today. Test your knowledge about these fascinating early branding practices that helped distinguish quality and origin in bustling ancient marketplaces.

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Ancient Romans with their 'sigillum' stamp system on amphorae and luxury goods
Harappan civilization of the Indus Valley with their square steatite seals
Ancient Mesopotamians with clay bullae and cylinder seals for commercial transactions
Ancient Egyptians with hieroglyphic cartouches on trade goods and royal products