Which innovative marketing strategy first revolutionized laboratory equipment sales in the 1990s, dramatically changing how scientific products were promoted to researchers?

The scientific equipment industry has seen remarkable innovations not just in the products themselves, but in how they're marketed and sold to research institutions, universities, and pharmaceutical companies. Marketing strategies in this specialized field require deep technical knowledge and understanding of scientific workflows. This trivia question explores a pivotal moment in scientific product marketing that revolutionized how laboratory equipment is promoted and sold globally.

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Digital catalogs with interactive 3D product demonstrations
The introduction of scientist-to-scientist peer review marketing, where researchers endorsed products based on actual lab testing
Free equipment placement programs with reagent purchasing contracts
University department bundled purchasing discounts