Which ancient civilization first developed standardized clay packaging seals that functioned as both tamper-proof devices and brand identifiers for merchant goods in long-distance trade networks?

Before modern retail techniques, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated methods for packaging, preserving, and marketing their products. From Egyptian alabaster vessels for perfumes to Chinese silk wrappings for luxury goods, packaging wasn't just functional—it communicated value, origin, and authenticity. This poll explores one of history's most innovative product packaging developments that revolutionized ancient trade and influenced packaging design for millennia to come.

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Mesopotamians (3500-3000 BCE), who used cylinder seals on clay containers to identify specific merchants and protect goods during transport
Ancient Egyptians (2500 BCE), who developed papyrus labels with hieroglyphic seals to authenticate royal-approved products
Indus Valley civilization (2600 BCE), who created square steatite seals to mark cloth and ceramic packaging for marketplace verification
Ancient Chinese (1500 BCE), who pioneered lacquered containers with impressed imperial seals to guarantee product authenticity