Which historical retail innovation is widely considered the first true customer loyalty program?

The history of retail is marked by innovative strategies that transformed how businesses connect with customers. Customer loyalty programs have become a cornerstone of modern retail, but their origins might surprise you. This trivia question explores when and how these programs first emerged, challenging your knowledge about the historical evolution of customer retention strategies that shaped today's retail landscape.

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S&H Green Stamps (1896), where customers collected stamps from participating retailers to redeem for merchandise from catalogs
The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company's (A&P) dividend cards (1912), offering cash back based on purchase totals
Montgomery Ward's 'Preferred Customer' mail-order club (1872), providing exclusive catalog access and priority shipping
Woolworth's 'Red Card' program (1925), offering advance notice of sales and merchandise discounts to cardholders