Which ancient civilization is credited with inventing the first known form of product branding by stamping distinctive maker's marks on pottery that signified quality and origin?

Before modern marketing departments and digital advertising, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated commercial strategies to promote their goods across vast trade networks. From Phoenician purple dye merchants to Egyptian papyrus exporters, these early 'brands' used distinctive techniques to stand out in the marketplace. Test your knowledge of how ancient civilizations approached what we now call brand strategy!

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Mesopotamians, who used cylinder seals on clay vessels to identify specific workshops and guarantee quality to distant buyers
Romans, who stamped SPQR (Senatus Populusque Romanus) on official goods to distinguish them from counterfeit items
Chinese Han Dynasty craftsmen, who used imperial chops to mark silk products as authentic court-approved merchandise
Egyptian artisans, who painted hieroglyphic cartouches on exported goods to indicate royal patronage and superior craftsmanship