Which innovative pricing strategy did Robert Downey Jr. pioneer that transformed how A-list actors get paid for major franchise films?

In the world of film and television production, pricing strategies can make or break a project. From blockbuster films with nine-figure budgets to indie productions stretching every dollar, understanding how studios allocate their resources is crucial to industry knowledge. This trivia question explores a specific pricing strategy that revolutionized talent compensation in Hollywood and fundamentally changed how films are budgeted. Test your knowledge of the business side of entertainment!

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Backend profit participation (taking a percentage of box office profits instead of a large upfront salary)
Per-minute screen time pricing (compensation directly tied to how many minutes the actor appears on screen)
Franchise escalator model (fixed percentage increase in salary for each sequel in a series)
Cross-promotion payment structure (salary tied to merchandise sales featuring the actor's character)