Which ancient civilization first implemented a standardized product authentication system using clay seals to prevent counterfeiting in long-distance trade networks?

Before digital marketplaces and modern retail, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated systems for trade, commerce, and product exchange. From the grand bazaars of Mesopotamia to the complex trade networks of Rome, these early retail innovations laid the groundwork for today's commerce. This trivia question explores how ancient civilizations implemented early forms of 'retail technology' to facilitate trade across vast distances and diverse cultures.

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Mesopotamian merchants (circa 3500 BCE)
Ancient Egyptian traders (circa 3000 BCE)
Indus Valley traders (circa 2600 BCE)
Minoan merchants (circa 2000 BCE)