Which ancient civilization created what is considered the first documented customer loyalty program, where merchants gave clay tokens with purchases that could be exchanged for goods?

Long before modern retail strategies, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated commerce systems. While we think of loyalty programs as modern marketing innovations, some ancient merchants had creative ways to retain customers. This trivia question explores an early form of customer loyalty that would be familiar to today's retail strategists, showing how fundamental retail principles have existed for millennia.

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Ancient Egypt - Merchants under Pharaoh Ramses II gave papyrus loyalty marks to noble customers
Ancient Mesopotamia - Babylonian and Sumerian merchants in 1800 BCE gave copper tokens that functioned as store credit
Ancient Rome - Shop owners during the Republic period offered ceramic tessera tokens to patrician customers
Ancient China - Han Dynasty merchants provided bamboo tally sticks to repeat customers for discounts