Which innovation in the 15th century most dramatically transformed the supply chain and accessibility of religious texts in Western civilization?

The distribution of religious texts throughout history represents one of humanity's oldest and most significant supply chain challenges. From hand-copied scrolls to mass-produced volumes, religious organizations have overcome numerous logistical obstacles to disseminate their sacred teachings. This trivia question explores a fascinating aspect of how religious texts have made their journey to believers around the world.

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Gutenberg's printing press with movable type
The development of parchment paper from animal skins
The establishment of monastic scriptoriums
The creation of the Codex format (bound books) replacing scrolls