Which e-procurement innovation was FIRST implemented by a national government to increase transparency in public purchasing?

Government procurement systems have undergone massive technological transformation in recent decades. Modern e-procurement platforms have changed how governments interact with suppliers and manage public spending. This trivia question tests your knowledge of this important intersection of public administration and retail technology that has revolutionized how billions in taxpayer dollars are spent annually.

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Chile's ChileCompra platform (2003), which mandated all government purchases be published online in real-time
India's Government e-Marketplace (2016), which consolidated all government suppliers into a single digital marketplace
South Korea's KONEPS system (2008), which introduced blockchain verification for all government contracts
Estonia's X-Road procurement framework (2012), which integrated AI-powered vendor selection algorithms