Which gaming company first pioneered the 'battle pass' monetization model that has now become standard across many free-to-play games?

The gaming industry has revolutionized virtual economies with in-game purchases and digital marketplaces. From simple cosmetic items to complex virtual real estate, the retail journey within gaming platforms has created billion-dollar economies. How well do you understand the evolution of retail operations in the gaming world? Test your knowledge about a pivotal moment in gaming retail history!

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Valve Corporation (with Dota 2)
Epic Games (with Fortnite)
Riot Games (with League of Legends)
Activision Blizzard (with Call of Duty)