Which groundbreaking technology, first introduced to consumers in 1997, is widely credited with enabling the first wave of mobile commerce by allowing secure payments through mobile phones?

The evolution of mobile commerce has revolutionized how we shop and interact with retailers. One particular innovation stands out as a pivotal moment that transformed retail forever, enabling consumers to make purchases directly from their mobile devices. This poll tests your knowledge about a key technological development that made mobile commerce possible in its early days, setting the foundation for today's trillion-dollar mobile shopping industry.

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SMS-based payment protocols
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)
Bluetooth transaction system
QR code payment technology