Which ancient civilization first used standardized merchant seals as a form of branding to guarantee authenticity of goods across their extensive trade networks?

Before modern corporate logos, ancient civilizations used powerful symbols to brand their merchandise and trading houses. These symbols weren't just decorative—they communicated quality, origin, and authenticity to customers across vast trade networks. From Phoenician merchant marks to Roman commercial emblems, these early forms of branding helped build trust in marketplaces spanning multiple languages and cultures. Test your knowledge about these fascinating early examples of retail branding!

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Indus Valley Civilization (c. 2600-1900 BCE), using square seals with animal motifs and script
Ancient Egypt (c. 3100-30 BCE), using cartouche symbols to mark royal-approved goods
Phoenicians (c. 1500-300 BCE), using purple-dyed marks to indicate premium merchandise
Ancient Greece (c. 800-30 BCE), using amphora handles stamped with city-state emblems