Which ancient civilization pioneered the use of 'merchant seals' as an early form of product branding that influenced consumer purchasing behavior in marketplaces?

Before modern logos and digital marketing, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated brand identities for their commercial ventures. Merchants in Egypt, Rome, Greece, and Mesopotamia used distinctive symbols to mark their goods and establish trust with consumers. These early 'logos' helped ancient shoppers identify quality products and preferred merchants in bustling marketplaces, showing that brand recognition has been important throughout human commercial history.

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Mesopotamia (specifically the Sumerians)
Ancient Egypt
Classical Greece
The Indus Valley Civilization