Which ancient civilization pioneered the concept of 'brand sealing' by marking products with distinctive symbols that guaranteed authenticity and allowed customers to identify trusted merchants?

Before modern marketing strategies, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated branding and promotional techniques that influenced commerce for millennia. From distinctive pottery marks to royal seals, these early forms of brand identity helped merchants establish trust and recognition in sprawling marketplaces from Rome to Chang'an. Test your knowledge about how our ancestors advertised their wares and built commercial empires without digital marketing or mass media!

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Ancient Romans with their 'sigillum' stamp system used on amphorae and goods
Mesopotamians who created cylinder seals to mark clay containers with merchant identities around 3500 BCE
Ancient Egyptians who used cartouches on products to denote royal approval and quality
Ancient Chinese merchants who developed 'chops' (stamp seals) for product authentication during the Han Dynasty