Which classic novel's marketing strategy revolutionized book promotion by creating a national phenomenon through the use of character merchandise, themed products, and theatrical adaptations before the book's release?

In the competitive world of publishing, effective marketing strategies can make the difference between a bestseller and a book that gathers dust. Publishers and authors employ various techniques to reach their target audiences and create buzz around new releases. This trivia question explores one of the most innovative marketing campaigns in literary history that fundamentally changed how books were promoted and consumed by the public.

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Charles Dickens' 'The Pickwick Papers' (1836)
Victor Hugo's 'Les Misérables' (1862)
Mark Twain's 'Adventures of Huckleberry Finn' (1884)
Jane Austen's 'Pride and Prejudice' (1813)